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The Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway was an early British railway company which opened in stages between 1841 and 1845 between Sheffield and Manchester via Ashton-under-Lyne. In conjunction with the proposed Sheffield and Lincolnshire Junction Railway and Great Grimsby and Sheffield Junction Railway, it was renamed the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway in 1847. ==Origins== At the end of the eighteenth century the need for improved transport links between Manchester and Sheffield was increasing. The canal route involved a long northwards detour through the Pennines, a journey taking eight days; the more arduous direct route by horse and cart took two days. By the 1820s a number of proposals had been made for canals, and cable railway had been proposed costing upwards of £500,000, but all these ideas had come to nought. Then the opening of the Stockton and Darlington Railway and the authorisation of the Cromford and High Peak Railway, both in 1825, caught the interest of a land surveyor in Sheffield, Henry Sanderson. In 1826 he published a comparative account of the previous proposals, with one of his own for a line via Edale to meet the Peak Forest Tramway. He was initially ignored; but the building of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway attracted greater interest locally, and with the support of some Liverpool financiers, a prospectus of the line - to be called the "Sheffield and Manchester Railway" - was issued in August 1830, with George Stephenson appointed to be the engineer. Sanderson became concerned at the severity of the proposed route via Whaley Bridge and over Rushup Edge into the Hope Valley. He suggested another, via Penistone, that would involve less tunnelling, and have gentler gradients which could be worked by adhesion locomotives. After much indecision the project was abandoned, and the Sheffield and Manchester company was wound up. However, in 1835 Charles Vignoles was asked to examine another route, this time via Woodhead and Penistone; and a new company, the "Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway" was formed. The new line could be worked by adhesion, and required only a two-mile tunnel. Vignoles and Joseph Locke were asked to make independent surveys, and in October met to reconcile any differences, at which time they decided that a longer tunnel would reduce the gradients involved. The line obtained its Act of Incorporation in Parliament in 1837, the only opposition coming from the Manchester and Birmingham Railway, with whom it was agreed that the line from Ardwick would be shared as it passed into a joint station in Manchester. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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